{"id":414,"date":"2023-08-28T09:51:59","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T07:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/?page_id=414"},"modified":"2023-08-28T10:06:08","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T08:06:08","slug":"research-topics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/?page_id=414","title":{"rendered":"Research topics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Electronic tongues = sensor arrays + AI<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Traditional electronic tongues proposed in the 1990\u2019 are to some extent bioinspired. Non-specific receptors in the tongue are replaced with chemical sensors, and the generated signal is analyzed not by the brain but by a machine learning algorithm. After training the algorithm with a sufficient number of samples (a few dozen to a few hundred), an unknown sample can be tested and assigned to some group (e.g., healthy or cancer patients) through classification or attributed with a certain value through multivariate regression.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ET.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ET.jpg 960w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ET-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ET-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ET-850x638.jpg 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Electronic tongues have truly amazing capabilities, that we explore in our systems: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>they can elucidate information that cannot be easily obtained with a single sensor, like taste of foodproducts or presence of contamination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-15-1024x791.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-426\" style=\"width:359px;height:277px\" width=\"359\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-15-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-15-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-15-768x593.png 768w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-15-850x656.png 850w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-15.png 1136w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>differentiate between <a href=\"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/elan.201500054\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/elan.201500054\">potable or contaminated water<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-428\" style=\"width:340px;height:276px\" width=\"340\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-17.png 938w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-17-300x243.png 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-17-768x623.png 768w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-17-850x690.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>predict taste of drug formulations that cannot be evaluated by expert panels<\/em> -work developed under Sensoliq Sp z o.o. startup together with Adamed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>account for very complex and variable background, as in fermentation broths or reduce the impact of interfering species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"944\" height=\"723\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-18.png 944w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-18-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-18-768x588.png 768w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-18-850x651.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>measurement of potassium in different foodproducts using an ion-selective electrode<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"944\" height=\"723\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-19.png 944w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-19-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-19-768x588.png 768w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-19-850x651.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>prediction of potassium concentration of the same samples uisng an electronic tongue<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Simple systems: <em>paper-based devices, low-cost setups<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In our analitycal systems we take advantage of non-convential materials, such as paper, making use of their properties -wicking without use of pumps, ability to serve as reservoir for solutions, to pre-concentrate the desired analyte through repetitive soaking and drying or use of enhanced surface area. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With fast fabrication and minimal cost it is easier to think outside the box and solve problems. Low-cost systems also permit to develop new ideas even if the resources are scarce, and allows them to spread more easily as more researchers and users are able to apply them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"858\" height=\"850\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-21.png 858w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-21-300x297.png 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-21-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-21-768x761.png 768w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-21-850x842.png 850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-436\" style=\"width:272px;height:198px\" width=\"272\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-22.png 447w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-22-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b02695\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b02695\">Paper-Based System<\/a> for Ion Transfer Across the Liquid\u2013Liquid Interface<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-437\" style=\"width:263px;height:207px\" width=\"263\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-23.png 437w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-23-300x236.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0003267016303026\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0003267016303026\">Paper-based electronic tongue<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"832\" height=\"720\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/laser.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/laser.jpg 832w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/laser-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/laser-768x665.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Use of low-cost CO<sub>2<\/sub> laser plotter for <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2023\/lc\/d3lc00266g\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2023\/lc\/d3lc00266g\">fabrication of ITO electrodes<\/a> of different architectures<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ion-transfer voltammetry<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In voltammetry, the registered current is the measure of charge passed through the electrode\/electrolyte interface (Fig.B). Similarly, in ion-transfer voltammetry, the current represents charges passing between the aqueous and organic phases, but in this case, the charge does not come from electrons but ions traveling through or adsorbing at the interface (Fig.C). In contrast to potentiometric sensors (Fig. A) configuration of the setup allows for a voltage sweep to be applied, therefore signals from different species can be recorded during one measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"472\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-24-1024x472.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-24-1024x472.png 1024w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-24-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-24-768x354.png 768w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-24-850x392.png 850w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-24.png 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The technique is very powerful as it allow to electrochemically sense species that are not electroactive just charged, opening the possibility to sense species such as proteins directly, in a label-free manner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bioanalysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We want to solve real life problems that is why we work with biologists and neurobiologists to make use of our systems. At the Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS we perform routine cell cultures with immortalized cell lines (HeLa and HepG2), in which we test our sensors. We also can lend a hand in data analysis having experience in Machine Learning models applied to data from behavioural studies and mass spectrometry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"397\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-25.png 533w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-25-300x223.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2023\/lc\/d3lc00266g\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2023\/lc\/d3lc00266g\">Impedance-based analysis<\/a> of cell growth and detachment<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"295\" src=\"http:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-26.png 769w, https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-26-300x115.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Studies of <a href=\"https:\/\/chemrxiv.org\/engage\/chemrxiv\/article-details\/64286e0edb1a20696e5bb908\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/chemrxiv.org\/engage\/chemrxiv\/article-details\/64286e0edb1a20696e5bb908\">antifouling coatings<\/a> for short and long-term studies in cell cultures<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electronic tongues = sensor arrays + AI Traditional electronic tongues proposed in the 1990\u2019 are to some extent bioinspired. Non-specific receptors in the tongue are replaced with chemical sensors, and the generated signal is analyzed not by the brain but by a machine learning algorithm. After training the algorithm with a sufficient number of samples&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-414","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=414"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":455,"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/414\/revisions\/455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sensorarrays.com.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}